By David Stockman
PART 1 During the past three years, Washington has made three catastrophic errors. These include:
The resulting economic and financial dislocations, both global and domestic, are unprecedented and could not have come in a worst context. To wit, prolonged fiscal and monetary excesses prior to February 2020 were already destined to generate an era of reckoning, even before Washington jumped the shark after the Covid panic was ignited by Donald Trump in March 2020. For want of doubt, just consider the course of fiscal and monetary policy over 2003-2019. During that 17-year period, the public debt share of GDP soared from an already high 62% to 111%, and the Fed’s balance sheet exploded under the bailouts of 2008-2009 and QE thereafter from $725 billion to $4.2 trillion. The latter embodied a growth rate of 11.0% per annum over the period, nearly 3X the 4.0% growth rate of nominal GDP. In a word, Washington policy makers had been on a reckless lark for the better part of two decades. It was only a matter of time before an unavoidable policy reversal toward restraint would bring the hothouse prosperity of both Wall Street and main street crashing down. Public Debt As % of GDP and Fed Balance Sheet, 2003-2019
The history books will surely record, therefore, that it was Donald Trump who foolishly ignited the above depicted ticking financial time-bomb. Based on the facts known now and the evidence available then, the prolonged Lockdowns ordered by Trump on March 13, 2020 were one of the most capriciously destructive acts of the state in modern history.
The reason is simple: The Covid was at best a super flu that did not remotely rise to a Black Plague style existential threat to American society, and therefore did not warrant any extraordinary “public health” intervention or collective remediation at all. America’s medical care system was more than equipped to handle the elevated case loads among the elderly and co-morbid—one patient-specific case at a time—that actually occurred. Indeed, the IFR (infection fatality rate) for the under 70-years population has turned out to be so low as to make the brutal economic shutdowns ordered by the Donald and his Fauci-led Virus Patrol tantamount to crimes against the American people. A thorough-going study by Professor Ioannidis and colleagues across 31 national seroprevalence studies in the pre-vaccination era, for example, shows that the median infection fatality rate of COVID-19 was estimated to be just 0.035% for people aged 0-59 years and 0.095% for those aged 0-69 years. So we are talking about just four-to ten-hundredths of one percent of the infected populations succumbing to the disease. A further breakdown by age group found that the average IFR was:
There is just no beating around the bush. The Lockdowns impacted the livelihoods and social life primarily of the working age and youth populations depicted below, but not in a million years should the heavy-hand of the state been brought to bear on their ordinary freedoms to conduct economic and social life as they saw fit.
Nor does the Donald and Fauci’s Virus Patrol get off the hook on the grounds that these dispositive facts about the Covid were not fully known in early March 2020. But to the contrary, the results of a live fire case study involving the 3,711 passengers and crew members of the famously stricken and stranded cruise ship, the Diamond Princess, were fully known at the time, and they were more than enough to quash the Lockdown hysteria.
To wit, during late January and February the virus had spread rapidly among the large, close-quartered population of the cruise ship, causing nearly 20% of the population to test positive—about half of which were symptomatic. Moreover, the population skewed elderly as is normally the case on cruise ships, with 2,165 people or 58% over 60-years of age and 1,242 or 33% over 70-years. So if there was a vulnerable population sample this was it: That is, a stranded population of the mostly elderly in the close quarters of a cruise ship. But, alas, the known mortality count from the Diamond Princess as of March 13, 2020 was just nine, (ultimately 13) meaning that the overall population survival rate was 99.8%. Moreover, all of these nine deaths were among the 70 years and older population, making the survival rate for even among the most vulnerable sub-population 99.3%. And, of course, for the 2,469 persons under 70-years of age on this ship, the survival rate was, well, 100%! That’s right. Donald Trump and his way-in-over-his-head son-in-law, Jared Kushner, knew or should have known that the survival rate of the under 70-years population on the Diamond Princess was 100%, and that there was no dire public emergency in any way, shape or form. Under those conditions, anyone with a passing familiarity with the tenets of constitutional liberty and the requisites of free markets would have sent Dr. Fauci, Dr. Birx and the rest of the public health power-grabbers packing. That the Donald and Jared did not do. Instead, they got led by the nose for month after month by Fauci’s awful crew because basically Trump and Kushner were power-seekers and egomaniacs, not Republicans and certainly not conservatives. The resulting unnecessary economic wreckage is almost unspeakable. Here are four measures which show that the instant plunge in economic activity triggered by the Lockdowns was simply off-the-charts compared to any prior history. During Q2 2020, for example, real GDP plunged by 35% at an annualized rate, leaving the declines during the prior 11 post-war recessions (gray columns) far in the dust. Annualized Change In Real GDP, 1947 to 2022
Likewise, the drop in Q2 employment was in a whole new zip code. During April 2020, the US economy shed 20.5 million payroll jobs—a figure that was 28X larger than the worst job loss of the Great Recession in February 2009 (-747,000).
Monthly Change In Nonfarm Payrolls, 1939-2022
Even industrial production (black line), which was not nearly as heavily impacted as the Leisure & Hospitality (L&H) and other services industries, dropped by 13%, or nearly 4X more than during the worst month of the Great Recession.
At the same time, payrolls at ground zero of the Lockdowns— restaurants, bars, hotels and resorts (purple line)— plummeted by a staggering 46% during April 2020 or by 50X more than any prior monthly decline. Monthly Change In Industrial Production and Leisure & Hospitality Payrolls, 1950-2022
To call the above a “supply-side shock” is hardly an adequate description. Donald Trump literally decimated the production side of the US economy because he did not have the gumption, knowledge and policy principles necessary to blow-off Fauci’s statist attack on America’s market economy.
But what came thereafter was actually worse, as we elaborate in Part 2. The Donald did not care a wit about fiscal rectitude and the surging public debt that was already in place; and actually had demanded time and again even more egregious money-printing than the ship of fools in the Eccles Building were already foisting upon the American economy. So he loudly clambered on board as the panicked politicians on Capitol Hill and the money-printers at the Fed opened the stimulus sluice gates like never before. The resulting disaster is now coming home to roost, with Joe Biden being the available fall guy, and rightfully so–given the compounding damage being wrought by his truly idiotic proxy war against Russia and the related Sanctions War attack on the global trading and payments system. Still, at the end of the day the disaster now unfolding was ignited by the Donald from the combustible fiscal and monetary brew he inherited. And his current dominance of the GOP tells you all you need to know about what lies ahead. To wit, the once-upon-a- time “conservative party” in the economic governance of America has become about as useless for the task as teats on a boar. PART 2 Needless to say, the 35% annualized plunge in real GDP during Q2 2020 was not caused by “aggregate demand” suddenly petering-out. In fact, there was nothing about this unprecedented collapse in economic activity that was remotely related to the prevailing Keynesian demand-driven models. To the contrary, the Covid contraction was all about the supply-side. The latter had been directly monkey-hammered not by reluctant consumers and spenders, but by the marauding Virus Patrol which was shutting down restaurants, bars, gyms, ball parks, movie theaters, malls and countless more via direct “command and control” orders of the state. To be sure, when you lay-off 20.5 million workers in a single-month (April 2020), for instance, that does cause household purchasing power to diminish. But it was also a case of Say’s Law getting its due. To wit, diminished supply was curtailing its own demand. Indeed, the derivative loss of “aggregate demand” in April 2020 and the months immediately thereafter was tracking the prior loss of production and income. Consequently, the Keynesian solution of replenishing the lost demand with government transfer payments, promised only to draw-down existing inventories, pull-in more imports from less supply-constrained economies abroad and eventually inflate the price of existing supplies–whether from inventories, domestic production or sources abroad. In fact, this is exactly what happened in a process of further drastic economic distortion compared to all prior history. In the case of retail inventories, stimmy-fueled “demand” literally sucked the inventory stocks dry. The ratio to sales plunged to an unheard of low of 1.09 months by May 2021. Retail Inventory-To-Sales Ratio, 1992-2021
Likewise, import volumes erupted like never before. Between the pre-Covid level of $203 billion per month in January 2020 goods imports have soared by 46% to $297 billion per month. That’s a $1.1 trillion annual rate of gain!
China, South Korea, Vietnam and Mexico are undoubtedly grateful. But the only pump Washington’s massive stimmies primed was located mainly in foreign economies. Meanwhile, the US economy struggled all the way through this period because the shutdown orders and fears generated by the Virus Patrol drastically constricted the supply-side of the US economy. Keynesian demand had nothing to do with it! US Monthly Imports Of Goods, 2012-2021
In fact, the startling eruption of demand for durable goods leaves no doubt about how wrong-headed the giant stimmies actually were. Since money could not be readily spent on the normal slate of services, households went bananas spending their restaurant money savings and their multiple rounds of stimmies on goods that could be delivered to the front door by Amazon.
By the time the stimmies peaked in April 2021, personal consumption expenditures for goods were up by a staggering 79% over prior year. The resulting aberration in the flow of economic activity is plain as day in the chart below. Y/Y Change In Personal Consumption Expenditures For Durable Goods, 2007-2021
At length, foreign supply chains buckled under the weight of artificial demand for goods stimulated by Washington and European policy-makers—a dislocation that was then compounded when their unhinged Sanctions War against Russia caused petroleum, wheat and other commodity prices to soar, as well.
As best shown by the lead indicator of upstream PPI prices for intermediate processed goods, inflation was brewing in the supply pipeline as early as September 2020, when the annualized rate of change posted at 5.6%. By December 2020 that figure had risen to 17.0%, and then was off to the races: Wholesale prices for processed goods were rising at a 43% annualized rate by March 2021. As it happened, the downstream CPI began to accelerate in March 2021, but by then the die was cast. Washington’s foolish attempt to massively stimulate “demand” in an economy that was being drastically curtailed on the supply side by its own public health orders and policies had already ignited the most powerful inflationary cycle in 40-years. Of course, in March 2021, at the peak in the brown line below, Washington was still in full-on stimulus mode. Joe Biden $2 trillion American Rescue Act was injecting another round of fiscal stimulus, even as the Fed persevered in buying $120 billion per month of government and GSE debt. Annualized Rate Of Change, PPI For Intermediate Processed Goods, September 2020 to May 2021
For want of doubt, here is the annualized rate of government transfer payments for the last two cycles—with the latter one, again, being off the charts by a country mile.
During the Great Recession cycle, the maximum increase in the government transfer payment rate was +$640 billion and 36% between December 2007 and May 2008 (i.e. the Bush tax rebate stimulus of that month was actually bigger than Obama’s shovel ready stimulus in February 2009). By contrast, under the absolute frenzy of stimmies during the Covid cycle, government transfer payments increased from a run rate of $3.15 trillion per annum in February 2020 to $8.10 trillion by March 2021. That’s when the two Trump stimmies and the Biden add-on maxed out at $6 trillion in total spending. The math of it is staggering. The annualized rate of government transfer payments rose by $4.9 trillion during that period, representing an out-of-this-world gain of 156% in just 13 months! Is there any wonder that the American economy has been over-run with a “demand shock” of biblical proportion? Annualized Rate Of Government Transfer Payments, November 2007 to March 2021
It goes without saying, of course, that an eruption of government spending and borrowing of this staggering magnitude within a matter of months would have normally caused a giant squeeze in the bond pits, sending bond yields soaring skyward. But that didn’t happen: The benchmark yield on the 10-year UST (purple line) actually fell from an already low 3.15% in October 2018 to an absurd 0.55% in July 2020, and remained at just 1.83% thru February 2022.
There is no mystery as to why. During the same period, the Fed’s balance sheet (black line) erupted as never before, rising from $4.1 trillion to a peak of $8.9 trillion by February 2022. That is to say, the Eccles Building monetized a huge share of the stimmy spending, thereby drastically falsifying the entire market for government debt and all the private household and business debt that prices off from it. Is it any wonder, therefore, that the Virus Patrol was able to run roughshod over the private economy? Washington compensated one and all for the resulting harm and then some by unleashing a $6 trillion spending bacchanalia in less than 14 months, which was accomplished with barely a dissent from either party to the Washington duopoly because interest rates on government debt had plunged to an all-time low. In turn, that was enabled by the most reckless spurt of money printing and debt monetization in recorded history. Meanwhile, the stock market and related risk assets rose by 60% on average and by 2X, 3X and 10X in some of the hottest “momo” sectors during the same period. America was simply drunk on spending without production, borrowing without saving and money-printing without limit. It all amounted to a phantasmagoria of financial excess like had never before even been imagined, let alone attempted. Fed Balance Sheet And Yield On 10-Year UST, October 2018 to February 2022
The real skunk on the woodpile, however, is that the rationalization for all of this fiscal and monetary excess—protecting households and businesses from the plunge of economic activity— was essentially bogus. The lost aggregate demand did not need to be replaced with stimmies and free stuff because there had been a prior and equal decline in aggregate production and income.
The only “stimulus” needed to restore the economy’s status quo ante was to send the Virus Patrol packing. That is to say, the Fed’s balance sheet could have stayed at $4 trillion ( better yet it could have been returned to the previous path of QT based shrinkage), even as the fiscal equation could have been pushed toward balance after decades of reckless borrowing. To be sure, low wage workers got hit the hardest because they worked in the services sectors slammed by the Virus Patrol, meaning there was an “equity” case for some kind of government help in these cases. But, alas, the help was already there in the form of the automatic shock absorbers that have been erected in the Welfare State over the last decades. We are referring to unemployment insurance, food stamps, ObamaCare, Medicaid and a medley of lesser means tested programs. The emphasis here is on means tested. The so-called Safety Net was fully in-place, would have covered 90% of the Covid-Lockdown hardship automatically and therefore required no fiscal bailout legislation at all, to say nothing of the $6 trillion of spending orgies that actually transpired. The only thing missing was that fact that state unemployment programs generally exclude gig and part-time workers, the very modest segment of the labor force that got clobbered the hardest. But a year’s worth of support at $30,000 per worker (more than they make on average) for an estimated 5 million gig workers not covered by regular state UI programs would have cost $150 billion or just 2.5% of the tidal wave of Covid relief spending that actually occurred. In any event, the US economy was a financial time-bomb fixing to explode in February 2022 when Joe Biden decided to save “Novorossiya” (New Russia) from the Russians, who had intervened to protect their kinsman from the devastating attacks being leveled on the Donbas by the anti-Russian government planted in Kiev by Washington during the February 2014 coup. The resulting Washington inspired Sanction War on the largest commodity producer on planet earth was the trip-wire for the calamity now underway. As the always prescient Doug Noland wrote over the weekend, Washington’s three great errors have turned the world upside-down. An economy freighted down with $92 trillion of public and private debt was, is and will remain an accident waiting to happen. Buckle up! The world has changed right before our eyes. It has been one of my favored rhetorical questions for the past couple decades: Is “money” (monetary inflation) the solution or the problem? The answer is obvious – has been for some time, and I’ll assume central bankers have accepted the harsh reality.
This article was reprinted with permission from David Stockman's Contra-Corner.
With the CDC poised to add the covid shot to the schedule of childhood immunizations, today is a good opportunity to reflect on how those who once garnered the most trust in our society have become some of the worst among us. How to move forward when that trust is gone? Also today, it's Christmas every day for defense contractors, as Congress rushes to shovel massive amounts of money to "defeat Russia" in Ukraine.
As several major polls show Americans are shifting dramatically away from supporting Ukraine, GOP House Leader Kevin McCarthy has said that shoveling yet more money to Kiev will not be automatic should control of the House shift after the November elections. This as many Republican up-and-coming candidates are running explicitly on shutting down the money spigot to Europe's most corrupt country. Also today: why are so many retired senior US military officers bathing in Saudi cash? Finally: US Senate opens the money spigot to Taiwan even wider.
By Walter E. Block
I just bought a new 2023 Toyota Camry. I’m still trying to figure out how to get some music on Bluetooth (I’m accustomed to use disks in my old car, but there’s no such availability in new automobiles), but the safety features are really something worth writing home about. Seat belt wise, this vehicle is a real nanny. It won’t shut up until I buckle up; in contrast, my fifteen-year old ex-car would stop ringing after a minute or two. Other oldies but goodies include airbags, antilock brakes, traction control, electronic stability control, tire-pressure monitors, telematics (GPS). Impressive as this list is, it is just the tip of the iceberg. If I drift into an adjacent lane without signaling to do so, it pipes up. If I’m about to hit anything in front of me it screeches at me like a banshee with loud beeps. Moreover, the cruise control system is manna from heaven, If the vehicle in front of me slows down, so do I, automatically. My car even allows me to set up my choice of cruise control distances from the vehicle in front of me. There is also a camera that pops up when I’m in reverse gear. I’ll never again back up into anything. With all of this new safety equipment, not only in 2023 autos, but for the last half decade or so, not just for Toyotas but for pretty much everything else on the road, you would think that the highway fatality rate would have taken a deep plunge. If you thought that, you thought wrong. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration the death knell on the roads for the last decade is as follows (per 100,000 of population): 2013: 32,893 (10.40) 2014: 32,744 (10.28) 2015: 35,485 (11.06) 2016: 37,806 (11.59) 2017: 37,473 (11.40) 2018: 36,835 (11.18) 2019: 36,355 (10.99) 2020: 38,824 (11.67) 2021: 42,915 (12.89) What in bloody blue blazes is going on here? What is going on here is the fact that while car manufacturers are improving matters, highway management is asleep at the wheel. Why? The former are part and parcel of the private sector, while the latter is in the bureaucratic hands of the government. Why should this make any difference? This is because if a private company does not satisfy customers, it loses money. If it does mend the error of its ways, bankruptcy beckons, leaving its more efficient competitors to carry on. Needless to say, nothing like this profit and loss system functions in the so-called public sector. If anything, the very opposite occurs. The squeaky wheel gets the grease: the most inefficient bureaus typically get additional funding. Some commentators blame covid for the recent upsurge in highway fatalities: fewer people drive, the roads are emptier, they can go faster, and speed is dangerous. No, no, no. That, even if true, is only a proximate cause of this sad phenomenon. The real underlying basic explanation is that the NHTSA, the group in charge of the nation’s thoroughfares, cannot plan its way out of the proverbial paper bag. It suffers no financial or any other type of loss whatsoever whenever yet another American bites the dust on any of its domains. This organization monopolistically imposes one set of rules on an entire country. But these rules of the road do not come down from high, engraved on stone tablets. They are concocted by a bunch of bureaucrats, sitting pretty in Washington D.C., with no skin in the game. That is, they lose not a penny when innocent people perish on their roadways. How might a corporate road industry improve matters? Each one would institute different rules and then we could see which ones save more lives! For example, the present system imposes a minimum speed of 40mph and a maximum of 70. Would it improve matters to require everyone to drive in the right lane at exactly 55 miles per hour, 65 in the middle lane, and 75 in the left-hand lane? How’s about, instead, 60, 70 and 80? The point is, we simply do not know! Here’s another possibility that a road entrepreneur might institute: a large fine for driving at 65 miles per hour in the left lane. This undoubtedly leads to lane changing, which in and of itself is dangerous. Yes, there are at present “keep right” laws for slower traffic, but when’s the last time anyone was ticketed for such anti-social behavior. Would this work? Again, we simply do not know. That’s no way to run a railroad. Imagine if other sectors of the economy were unable to benefit from allowing numerous solutions to problems. The result would be chaos. Well, that pretty accurately describes the present situation. But are not private roads the ravings of a madman? Are not highways a “market failure” a “public good” which can only be supplied by the all-loving state? Not a bit of it. The first roads during Revolutionary times in the 18th century were privately owned turnpikes. There are other “long, thin things” such as railroads, that are owned and managed by private entrepreneurs. There is no reason whatsoever that privatization could not be applied in this instance. Or are we satisfied with our present horrendous fatality rate? Walter E. Block is a professor of economics at Loyola University New Orleans, and author of Block, Walter E. 2009. The Privatization of Roads and Highways: Auburn, AL: The Mises Institute; Pegs: Death statistics: https://www.google.com/search?q=annual+highway+fatality+data&rlz=1C1CHBF_enUS963US963&oq=annual+highway+fatality+data&aqs=chrome..69i57j0i30i546j0i546l3j0i30i546.11641j0j15&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 https://www.nhtsa.gov/press-releases/early-estimate-2021-traffic-fatalities https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_vehicle_fatality_rate_in_U.S._by_year safety features of cars: https://www.google.com/search?q=safety+attributes+of+new+cars%3F&rlz=1C1CHBF_enUS963US963&oq=safety+attributes+of+new+cars%3F&aqs=chrome..69i57j33i160l4j33i299l3.12676j0j15&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
Even as uptake for the new Covid shots hovers around zero, the CDC is not giving up. For an announced Thursday meeting of the CDC’s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), one CDC official announced a vote on adding the shot to the child immunization schedule - a backdoor mandate! Why? Also today: Is Boston University making Covid more deadly? Finally: US mad at Iran for selling weapons...
Venture capitalist David Sacks has a fascinating piece in Newsweek breaking down how an alliance between the "woke" cancel culture of Twitter and the neocons is careening us toward a totally unnecessary nuclear conflict with Russia. Also today: will Kanye West snatch up Parler to preserve it as a bastion of free speech? Are the cancellers on the ropes?
By Ron Paul
Former Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke is a 2022 recipient of the Nobel Prize in economics for his writings on how government should respond to bank failures. Honoring Bernanke for his advice on what government should do when banks fail is like giving a fire safety award to an arsonist. Bernanke was Fed chairman when the housing bubble, created by his predecessor Alan Greenspan in the wake of the bursting of Greenspan’s tech bubble and the 9-11 attacks, exploded. When the housing market collapsed, Bernanke worked with Congress and the Bush administration to bail out big banks and Wall Street firms. In the years following the meltdown, the Bernanke-led Fed tried to “stimulate” the economy via massive money creation, near zero interest rates, and “quantitative easing,” where the Fed injects liquidity into the market via purchases of financial assets including Treasury bonds. The Fed’s post-meltdown policies produced sluggish growth at best, while laying the groundwork for the next bust. A sign that the next crash was around the corner came in September of 2019, when the Federal Reserve began pumping billions of dollars a day into the “repurchasing” market, which banks use to make overnight loans to each other, in order to keep that market’s interest rates from rising above the Fed’s target rate. The covid lockdowns then gave the Fed an excuse to push interest rates to zero and massively expand quantitative easing. The Fed’s actions are the prime culprit behind the price inflation plaguing America’s economy. The Fed has responded to the price inflation by increasing interest rates, although rates remain much lower than they would be in a free market. The fact that even these relatively small increases helped push the fragile economy into recession shows the instability of our debt-based economic system. Bernanke, and Congress, should have responded to the meltdown by letting the recession that followed the meltdown run its course. This is the only way the economy can adjust to the market distortions caused when the Fed increases the money supply and lowers interest rates. Those who worry that this “don’t do something, just stand there” approach would inflict long-term economic pain on the American people should consider the economic depression of 1920. During this depression, the Fed refrained from trying to “stimulate” the economy, and Congress actually cut spending. The result was the downturn was quickly over. Sadly, the lessons of 1920 are largely ignored by mainstream economic historians. In response to my questioning at a Financial Services Committee hearing, then-Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke admitted he did not consider gold to be money. Of course, gold and other precious metals are money because individuals have selected them whenever they had the freedom to choose a currency. One reason for this is that precious metals are uniquely suited to serve as a stable unit of account. In contrast, government rulers have favored fiat money precisely because it can never serve as an honest unit of account due to its value being constantly manipulated by central bankers. This is often done at the behest of power-hungry politicians. Therefore, under a fiat monetary system we cannot know the true value of goods and services. This is why to create a sound economy that provides prosperity we should audit then end the fed.
Markets always have the final say. They ultimately overrule the incessant schemes of politicians and central bankers. There are no man-made "policies" that have the capability of revoking economic laws. There are no shortcuts, loopholes, or free lunches. "Narratives" get squashed by the truth. Free Markets and Sound Money are the truth. We'd be wise to return to both of them.
The announced two million barrel cut per day from OPEC+ was a heavy body blow to President Biden and the Democrats as they face what may be very rocky mid-term elections. Did Biden pressure the Saudis to hold off on the cuts until after the elections? Also today, a CPI nuke was dropped on the US economy. Finally, how democratic is Germany?
Get your tickets to the Ron Paul Institute's Lake Jackson Conference: https://www.eventbrite.com/e/shut-up-cancel-culture-and-the-war-on-speech-tickets-421629353747
A Dutch Member of the European Parliament appeared to score a bombshell admission when he asked a representative of Pfizer whether their Covid "vaccine" was ever tested to see if it stopped transmission - the whole rationale behind vax mandates and passports. Pfizer representative said, "no." Also today, the Moderna shot actually has a NEGATIVE effectiveness after a few months. And...why won't Sweden share the results of its Nordstream sabotage investigation with Russia? Hiding something?
|
Archives
May 2024
|